Take similar shots at both normal and high sensitivity. Choose a situation which is marginal - where the mixture of light level and subject movement or depth of field is only just possible.
I've chosen to take pictures of leaves being blown by the wind from the shade of the tree that the leaves are hanging from.
f/4.5 1/250 ISO 200
f/4.5 1/500 ISO 400
f/4.5 1/800 ISO 640
f/4.5 1/1250 ISO 1000
f/4.5 1/2000 ISO 1600
f/4.5 1/3200 ISO 2500
f/4.5 1/5000 ISO 4000
f/4.5 1/5000 ISO 6400
f/4.5 1/8000 ISO 8000
f/5.0 1/8000 ISO 10000
f/5.6 1/8000 ISO 12800
f/7.1 1/8000 ISO 25600
What have I learned?
As I increased the sensitivity, I also had to increase the shutter speed to maintain exposure and depth of field. This meant that it was possible to freeze the action of the moving leaves, which is fine if this is the desired effect. I got to a point where, having reached the maximum shutter speed (1/8000) I had to sacrifice depth of field in order to maintain exposure.
At higher sensitivity, the incidence of noise is increased although the camera I was using (Nikon D700) works very well at high ISO.
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